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India-Bangladesh Flags
The Geopolitics of Proximity: India-Bangladesh relations in an era of strategic rebalancing


Mohammad Usman Bhatti

This study explores India‑Bangladesh relations after the 2024 transition, highlighting trade imbalances, energy dependence, and disinformation, while stressing multi‑alignment and the need for reciprocal partnership in a multipolar South Asia.

Sagar to Mahasagar
From SAGAR to MAHASAGAR: India’s Quest for Maritime Leadership and Security


Mohammed Badrul Alam

India’s maritime strategy evolves through SAGAR and MAHASAGAR, uniting naval power, Coast Guard roles, blue economy goals, and regional partnerships to secure trade routes and counter rising Indian Ocean challenges.

Black September
Black September and Zia-ul-Haq’s forgotten war: The Butcher who became a Champion


Mohammed Shoaib Raza

In 1970 Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq helped Jordan crush Palestinian fighters in Black September, earning royal gratitude that later aided his rise—before reinventing himself as a champion of the Palestinian cause.